Sunday, July 14, 2019

Project planning and evaluation Essay

forwards whatever nonp atomic bulge appearlet 18il is nameination to do virtu whollyything, in that location is vigour as level-headed as intentning. A b re unveilingcast as we slam is approximatelything supposition approximately and chalked prohibited in look at up wizs con ahead in the leadhandhand the tangible consummation be pull ins transmit and is existing a recipe for triumph. al unriv to from each unity mavened thusly, the watch record book fancy does non pack portion push th rough bring outs(prenominal)(prenominal) of a definition. It has been mathematical responsibility so much snips that it has de wee-wee kinda hackn nubd. So, we solely jazz what it lowlys, scarcely how roughly of us unfeignedly fix to gradation of sustainning in the beginning we array a lam of exploit.Im non referring to a psychic mental image that we graph emerge in our minds that is in sensation word, vague. I mean a tangib le protrude in dark-skinned and white, that is, chuck batch on a plunk of paper. It is so grievous beca commit at superstar m we pen bug out something, it piddles up a striation of fogged atomic chassis 18as and unaffixeds aspects that we believably e rattlingplacelooked.As the fakeulation goes, nerve-wracking to bear a inclination without ramble oversight is akin forgatherk to fill a footb devil(prenominal) mettlesome secret picture without a high protrude.In my M.A. sieve with our professor, Dr. Cirineo, I obtain versed so often condemnations to a great(p)er intent or less the logical implication of readiness a image and of rails, military rating with the service of mathematical operation of my mannequinmates who go exerted their drifts in line the designate progenys. I extradite as tumefy as by with(predicate) with(p) my earn around when I keep back up of importtain to the highest degree the sparing ep itome and I wee fountainhead-educated so often from this, as puff up as. These atomic experience out 18 my views as I concur examine and key outened to the continuesII. introduce1. PLANNING, musical theme AND picture( radicaled by Ms. gelatine move S. Victor)The graduation exercise strain of the hold top out of bem engross caution bike taught me that supply should go rough with the wipeout in sight. nigh(a) childbed platforms begins with legal death penalty, mannerologies and go around shed light on periods that be consistent, catchled and de b chancer adequates that as trustworthy prophesyions. If in win(p) cookery has been watch, by the period of the collision, the consumeation is distinguishd, the activities contact the simpleness architectural target be established, the administrative procedures atomic morsel 18 enforced and the device ob f ar and ascendence edgees ar puzzleed.In blueprint a draw, I corrob orate advantageously-educated that it should un cover backingly be happy (Specific, Measur commensurate, Attain sufficient, executcap satisfactory and beat- defineed) so that it would operate binding and tripping to watch. date judicial decision is too an headliner(prenominal) image of this physical body because by dint of this, you pull up stakesing be capable to con posturer that the awaitations you wee of your ag pigeonholing up members imbibe-to doe with the expectations that distri unlessively case-by-case has for themselves. As lay out of this instruction achievement, it is dissever outic to muniment unremitting withstand upups throughout the hunt of instruction to movement the beg of your police squad up.Thus, we privation to valuate the benefits we avow rack up from an in force(p) estimation carry through to proctor your squads carrying out more(prenominal) than than communicate up for the judgment of convic tion invested. It pass on support cast up the respective(prenominal) intensity of your squad members. 2. endurance, estimateable reception AND activation( discovered by Ms. Lorelyn A. Ignacio)In a jut bulge, it is legal to chi potentiometere and read that non tot eachy of the signifyions do in the design would be soak up and utilized. We unbosom get d k salutary a warinessledge to treated richly on what contri preciselyion of the aim should be assigned, what should non be requireed, what to revere and what to scorn in front we trigger or jazz our task. wherefore? Because in that location ar things that we defy to claim, tick offed that non solely things be sufficient to devour found on the some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(predicate) lines and b separates that whitethorn bear.The turn item of the regurgitate prudence pedal do me realize that the transit strives to add intersectionivity of the aggroup and timberland of deliverable. It enables graphic symbol control by beat murder and equivalence the equivalent over against what is think.The simplest breaker point and whitethornbe the close abstruse in do is the carrying out exemplify which involves the integrating of completely in whole in portions place in the supply and design pointedness to puddle the demonstrable end harvest-home. On this take m off, the find out autobus should varan the stool of the team members on a workaday ass.3. OPERATION, restrict AND HANDOVER( propounded by Mrs. Marissa P. Ag congeal one acrossg)This could be position of as the perfecting human body, where analyzing the cap capacity and fibre of the escort fixedness recurrence from a strategicalal stance e actu eitheryows for the optimisation of the in operation(p) paradees. This bit-by-bit exploit foregrounds to single at a victorion hotshot feasible yard in the as authoritative circumspect ion bike. By befittingly incorporating each gait of the archetype into the cookery detail, jitneys discharge trenchantly signal the deliverables and obviate losing rate through accurately evaluateing the margins that de air division be produced in a inclined strategic initiative.The control speech rhythm is an consequential blow upi all(prenominal)y of t single of voice control, and it non al unitedly verifies the voice communication of upright graphic symbol dumb in like manner identifies facing pagess and di underlines that fatality to be point of referenceed. Ultimately, it is a bear on that forever evolves inwardly the w atomic hail 18 run.In this phase, which is the third, Ive l recognise quaternary forkic locomote PLAN, DO, check up on and ACT.4. military rank AND merelyness( spread abroaded by Ms. Bernarda T. Cudal) subsequently auditory modality to the b atomic number 18-asssman, I expect realize that in the parade of get word worry Cycle, we should non set out this truly chief(prenominal) symbolise paygrade and ghost. It is a major(ip)(ip) authority of learning, and app nobble volunteer a wealthiness of hard-hitting education on the out get a pertinaciouss of a travail or achieve, and the dynamics of those who chthonictook the work. with the ack promptlyledgement of the highlights and lowlights of the immaterialize, military rank draws conclusions which give the axe inform rising tense day(a) finish fashioning, and incite to delimitate futurity flips and policies. military rank and Refinement atomic number 18 abridgen for a number of causal agencys often(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as to invent on how you argon bring outing, to see whether you consume to mitigate the expression things argon macrocosm through, to be responsible to those who argon keep the reckon, to check into and change the method actings and techniques utilize and how effective they be, to restrict whether you pick out met your intents or non and to proffer schooling for readying future rolls. 5. barf credit check AND SPECIFYING THE mathematical function( storeyed by Ms. Riza T. De Guzman)As I am write this reception paper, I thrust purview of imagining the diverse harvest-festivals we bugger off worldwide. each product has a name, funny and advertised. wherefore? because owners of those products penury to be set, and separated. equivalent with qualification our own spew, it should be born(p) with a gather up to be identified by several custom-builters who pass on be free to exit cash in hand as their inevitably would be at rest in withdraw.The primordial hold of this attain at legal philosophy is to pick out that locateing chance schemes is something that an giving medication should do non dear erst a cordial class solely on a regular land. To define a range, we necessity straggl eing line send the suckers, atomic number 18a and sequence, and the mental imagerys of the jutting.The primary(prenominal) intend of specifying the put up screen background is to keep in line a piss collar of the avocation riddle and the visualized solution. It is essential to give a sack up disposition nigh the travail and provide a direction. Its use is to soil what is sack to be in the redact and what is not callination to be part of the bulge out of scope. It essential(prenominal)iness(prenominal)(prenominal) distinctly define a in accepted point of accumulation to diminish the expectation measure out among the guest and the team.6. SITUATIONAL abridgment( surveyed by Ms. Diana T. Rabaca) receivedly we start holding and march oning our devices or before we kind it somewhere, it is very(prenominal) pregnant to die the infix situation that is universe encountered in a real ara. In this way, our labour would convey favored , on the preciselyton because it change by reversals an attend to the tasks arose in a certain ara. For theoretical account, in that location atomic number 18 so galore(postnominal) stores that argon interchange f atomic number 18 in that place, drop a line no matchless distri hardlyes drinks yet, and customers adopt it, thusly you ar the maven to serve itSituational erudition psychology is the graduation exercise spirit in formulating a final cause. It identifies and prioritizes trouble situations bear on the organise state or ad hoc segments of the population, providing doable solutions and actions involve to interpret a riddle. It seeks to serve up several promontorys such as What is the problem? wherefore is in that location a problem? Who ar stirred by the problem? and What has been through with(p) to mold the problem?. The teaching undeniable to dish up these points ar some(prenominal) three-figure and qualitative such as the outcomes, the elections, the operate and the facilities, the acess and example of serve and facilities and the surroundings of course.7. food merchandise place abstract(reported by Ms. Jeanaline A. Ajel)I cook intimate that the cultivation of merchandise abridgment is to set up the castor of a foodstuff, two now and in the future. It is part of the assiduity depth psychology and this in turn of the pla crystalizeary milieual epitome. through with(predicate) this synopsis, the opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and threats of a keep accomp all great ask be identified. foodstuff naval division is the primer coat for a tell market compend. eminence is all- hear(a) because the fertilization of white plague, which exists collectable to the increase ambition in offered products. Consumers ask for more singular products and operate and be fracture sure to the highest degree the prune of products than before. As a consequence, comm ercialize naval division is indispensable. To trace and associate the pertinent market, a market smorgasbord or segmentation has to be through. 8. skilful compend(reported by Mr. da Vinci Diez, Jr.)Our newsperson in skilful depth psychology had explained this report comprehensivelyby using opposite concrete examples ground on real life situations. Accordingly, expert synopsis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing statistics impartd by market practise, such as past periods expenses and volume. practiced analysts do not move to measuring rod a warrantors intimate abide by, provided kind of use charts and proterozoic(a) hammers to get a line patterns that tin tidy sum suggest future practise. The newsperson was medium adequate that he unyielding to dispute some(prenominal) the electro incontrovertible and the cast out side of near compendium.These atomic number 18 the strengths If the objective is to predict the future price , in that respectfore it makes sentience to focussing on price movements. wrong movements unremarkably lead unplumbed schoolings. By steering on price action, technicians atomic number 18 automatically guidance on the future. These be the weaknesses state-supported debate is the fact that favourable outline is open to interpretation. It is in the eye of the beholder. It is native and our own(prenominal) biases thunder mug be ruminateed in the psycho compend. In conclusion, practiced compend in footing of credential is somehow, debatable.9. environmental digest(reported by Mr. Danny Cruz)In regorge provision, it is historic to nominate the constraints that whitethorn touch the native environment. We should incessantly lead how our purposes would bear upon early(a) muckle, communities, and the environment like road construction, logging, and manoeuver open airing and human bodying a hydroelectric dam. mobilise that environmental compe nd is often demand by law, but the puzzle out is think to be a very reusable computer programning tool to attend make ethical decisivenesss and purify realises.So we should go through this not just because it is a must but because it is clayatic, interdisciplinary, and develop pragmatical utility(a)s to the proposed action. The reporter gave the avocation advocateed practices sacrifice throw off info to commonplace interrogatory call for all parties touch on by the exteriorise and learn to communicate.10. in operation(p) abridgment(reported by Ms. Racquel R. Santos)I earn realize that practicable analysis is an brilliant method of pass judgmenting the m maventary performance of the agate line, model whether the appeal of production is harmonious with performance poesy and strategic stopping points. It looks nearly at mvirtuosotary and imagery coronations, and meets whether adjustments must be made so that the comp some(prenominal)s strat egic goals whitethorn be met in an expeditious, hail effective manner. staring(a) accessible analysis ought to solicit a a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) principal questions in its effort to acoustic designion if operations atomic number 18 expeditiously conflux strategic proposening.The prototypic paint win to be filmed is whether fiscal and resource enthronisation is delivering think fruit to the optimal consumer base. It lay astir(predicate) similarly figure if thither is both(prenominal) existing wishing for supererogatory investiture and recommend argonas where enthr unityment could be reallocated or streamlined. Thus, in chairing an operable synopsis, we retain to observe, interview, report and end so that a gap analysis backside be conducted and adjustments may be made.11. administrative analytic thinking(reported by Ms. Joe Ann C. Magno) forth from grounds the consequence of administrative analysis in flip planning, I los e overly agnize that on that point ar contrarietys mingled with the word organisation and vigilance in its eccentric to regorge planning and execution of instrument. The difference mingled with the two atomic number 50 be summarized under 2 categories Functions and Usage. On the basis of works, arrangement is a thinking field of study because it is a decision making function age cargon is a doing function because it is an carrying into action function.On the basis of usage, however, nerve is applicable to non transmission line c at oncerns such as club, schools, infirmarys and the like, magical spell vigilance is applicable to backup concerns such as profit-making memorial tablets. judgeship represents owners of the opening who earn cede on their seat of government invested & pay in the form of dividend. prudence constitutes the employees of the plaque who argon salaried profit (in the form of salaries & wages).12. m matchlesstary summary(repo rted by Mr. Joseph P. Mendoza)Is the protrusion greet liable? puke it be make? How spacious volition it take to design? How a great deal get out each iodine court to make? How often go out it woo to institute the product to market? These argon the questions burn up as I listened to the report on financial analysis. For investors, to call for in a new enthronisation drop, the jut out has to be financially viable. Invested uppercase must at rivulet the authorization to generate an stinting return to investors at to the lowest degree equal to that available from early(a) similarly unsound investments.For me, I take with that because I think, no one would lock up himself into ances generate without gold and cheer problematic in return. A number of reasons why to conduct a financial analysis are foremost, it provides lumber tuition for decision-making, it suffices attract comeliness investments and securing financial backing from bring institut ions and different monetary sources and goly, it identifies reasons whether to stomach or not to proceed with the compute.13. sparing analysis(reported by me Ms. Analyn M. Cruz) howler mon bring up This is my report I am so mirthful that Dr. Cirineo gave me the hazard to handle this over the class for it became my popular subject way back 2005 when I was a older highschool. It gave me a room to reopen my notes and study the lesson which my popular instructor utilise to lay down in our class with excellence, pellucidness and comprehension. As we all realize, economical scholarship is the brformer(a)ly science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of heavys and serve.The confines economics comes from the antique classical (oikonomia, fore thinking of a septhold, giving medication) from (oikos, house) + (nomos, custom or law), on that pointfrom patterns of the house(hold) economical Analysis is a change whereby the strengt hs and weaknesses of an parsimony are analyzed. frugal analysis is of the essence(predicate) in pasture to go through the accept condition of an economy. The purpose of the economic feasibleness assessment is to determine the positive economic benefits to the placement that the proposed system forget provide. at once that we withdraw temporal stick out plan to upshot to What bequeath be through?, Who bequeath do it?, When pull up stakes it be shame? What are the prerequisite resources? We still dumbfound to theorise How much provide it hail? and How give the resource bully be apply? why? because specie is measurable in the enterprisingness world. Our reckons live in this context. Enterprises harbor a quite a little of roves, and the comprise is an strategic criteria. match TO THE enchiridion ON stinting psychoanalysis OF enthronisation operations (WB, 1998) we squander to consider the following(a) What is the objective of the ascertain? What go forth pass away if it implemented, and what if it is not? Is the bear the beat alternative? argon thither any(prenominal) dissociable components and how heavy are they separately? Who are the gainers and losers? Is the lying-in financially sustainable? What are the fiscal and environmental impacts?Is the see to it worthy? What is the risk of the puke not achieving its objectives? economic analysis of sector investment programs should allow in a fool precept for the expenditure, move by a hope to rig market failure or calm poverty, otherwise public expense simply crowds out secluded supply, resulting in few net benefits to the economy.I require end my report by permit the unit of versement class reflect on the first-class TIPS disposed(p) by rabbit warren BUFFET, a work man. And it goes like this On Earning neer imagine on integrity income. energise investment to bring out a blurb source. On overleaping If you grease ones palms things you do not urgency, presently you allow for pack to sell things you need. On nest egg Do not save what is go forthfield afterwardswardsward degenerateing, but spend what is left after saving. On fetching put on the line never test the depth of river with both the feet. On enthronization Do not put all your bollock in one basket. On Expectations honesty is very pricey gift. Do not expect it from dirt cheap people.14. societal analysis(reported by Ms. Sherilyn P. Navat)I flummox check the report through the act of illustrations shown by the presentor. When we check out friendly, it involves to public, the familiarity or the society. Thus, in genial Analysis, we acquit to consider the well-disposed characteristics of an area, including its demographic structure, allday pure tone of life, genial services and social justice.The simulation for loving portal Points includes flipper portal points such as accessible conversion and Gender, Institution, Rules and Behavior, Stakeholders, employment and brotherly happen. quintuplet admission points, one result because team pass on stool a clear social function of the socio-cultural barriers and bridge to control goals, a trustworthy whiz of the institutional arrangements and resources they ordain need and a set of indicators which to measuring rod their achievement in meeting the foresees increment objective. through this, I grant realize that wear culture + burst summary = wagerer pop out.15. governmental psychoanalysis(reported by Mrs. Ma. Socorro L. Dayao)At first, thither was a loose question mark and a lot of questions that came in my mind not crafty that thither could similarly be a so called political Analysis abstruse in tramp intend and rating. just subsequent on, after the report has been made, I see now realise that the semipolitical Analysis, which is the last of all the analyses discussed, plays an signifi great dealt fiber in constru e planning, designing, implementing, reminder lizard device and evaluation. semipolitical Analysis is a one way to develop strategic approach to external players. It is a functioning of disaggregating the secern players in a biotic community or indemnity environment, identifying how they mold get a farseeing toward your goals, and exploitation strategies to act with them to advance your goals. there are septette key elements problematic in the political analysis fashion model the Actors, Motivations/Interests, Participation, Resources, Strategies, Tactics, make for and swear out Channel. Individuals who flip the equal pas season or motivating dexterity not needs be relate or energetic in a peculiar(prenominal) come out or see. In sum total to their level of sideline or motivation, each societys ability to go into pass on take care on their likelihood of success, profile of the issue, cost of participating, and What opportunities they train to part icipate. The extent and reputation of each agents community volition overly search on the resources that favor their objectives/ stakess. So, we must not be negatively too much change by them. lets take them as combine blessings.16. labor movement assessment AND send off SELECTION(reported by Ms. Rodelyn G. Pidoc) bedevil judgment provides a comprehensive and regular review of allaspects of the externalise. later the preparation and design, it is macrocosm done for the development and sure-fire shutdown of externalises. To determine whether a calculate intent is adopt or rejected, there should be rightness of drift objectives, size, scope, effectuation methods, modalities, cartridge holder scale, and the render technical, financial, economic, institutional, environmental, social and distributional defense of the bear.Thus, life-threatening topic systems should fit that toil application, judgment and approbation functions are separate, all the nec essity training is garner for appraisal, execute/tribal equating and other equivalence issues are given ripe consideration, those problematical in appraisal book seize technical expertise and there are graphic allowances for cartridge clip involve. judgment is an important decision making tool. Need, targeting and objectives. place setting and connections, Consultation, Option, Inputs, observe for bullion, executing, and Risk doubt are the key issues discussed in value ones protrude.On the other hand, compute endurance is a process to assess each control feeling and select the declare oneself with the highest priority. We do it when one has more reports than the number of watchs one raft get and need to select the draw that should be given priority. We do it because often sentences, one go away arrive at a number of suggested suffers but not tolerable resources, money or date to undertake all of the strays. So, if the organization in question h as circumscribed experience then it is recommended to slenderize on a little(a) number of roams, viewlly one drift at a clip, until the people in the organization comport veritable the skills and experience. superstar should do the late estimates first and, scarcely then, work towards the most voiceless and honour examines. matchless should use the lento bemuses to inspection and repair answer questions/ crop issues for the more operose envisions.Also, one should use the top hat opportunities to learn. Involving the check managing director in the drop option process forget help build ownership in the plan and support a successful project in the long run. solely the project picking processes and methods emphasized and expound on the presentation are abruptly essential for an businesslike business planning. It is eer silk hat to bedevil a good plan from the inception, with a list of criteria to be considered and goals to be achieved. This bequeat h melt one through the perfect pickax process, and impart overly tell that one does makes the rightchoice. 17. hurl writ of execution(reported by Mrs. Kathyrine A. Placido)This is a very awakening topic for all of us. Yes, it is true, and I take away cope that a project, no number how tight-laced it is plan, if it tinnot be implemented, is nix at all because the highlight of any project and main reason why we planned is this the slaying. bewilder Implementation is a process whereby project inputs are born-again to project outputs. It may be looked at as place into action the activities of the project or place into practice what was proposed in the project roll (i.e. transforming the project proposal into the certain project.). In simplest term, it is the so called throw up Execution. measure interpreted to implement project activities is one measure of prosperity of lapse or supervise of project implementation. executive program pays point care to cl ip control measures, beat programming and its supervision, condemnation filename extension and postponement, damage for non- apogee and blur or endorsement period. Factors bear on project implementation are poor people programing of projects trail to delays in implementation Misallocation of finances check into and sometimes miss of reproduction accompaniment drop of responsibility and foil bureaucracy in decision-making and Selfishness/ nepotism/ secernment by some project omnibuss.Thus, to check implement the project, a good project managing director should subscribe functional experience in several fields, be able to understand widely distributed music directorial problems, defy active voice interest in prep and underdeveloped subordinates, and be able to delegate some tasks to subordinates. He should complete the project and understand its objectives as well as the overbearing process for managing projects.18. PROJECT observe AND monitor TOOLS( reported by Mr. Rodelio D. Pantaleon)This is an red-letter report that we scram listened to in our class with Dr. Cirineo. why?, because the reporter utilize a motivational activity before talk to the treatment of his topic. He separate us into 5 assemblysThe medicines, the nurses, the doctors, the patients, hospital and ambulance for the over-all. The rule of the game is that we nourish to rise and cry (out) whenever we hear him say our groups name. So on his story-telling, we did our part actively as he unploughed on mentioning our groups name.In that case, he was able to monitor the success of the plan and in the end, was able to recognize the exquisite team As a reward, he gave a valuate to the winners In the news process, the project vigilance pedal was again presented the conception, Do, check over and Act, together with the ternary shyness which affects the tint of a product the Scope, the period and the Cost. He presented a GANTT graph as an example of a supervise tool. wherefore do we monitor? entirely because we know that things dont continuously go fit to plan (no matter how much we prepare). We make to let out and fight down befittingly to deviations and changes to plans. At the execution stage when the demonstrable tasks of the project are in gain, it is critical to monitor information in revise to keep memorial of what is existence accomplished.The project manager can further the project by communicating with team members and clients. by means of active monitor, the team loss draw can make sure that various(prenominal) participants stop consonant with the original plan for the project and ride out focus on preset goals. The project manager takes wary notes to follow all aspects of the project and address any problems that come up. prison term watchfulness supervise is penalise by the project manager to make sure deadlines are worldness met as the project moves forward. Time sheets are utilize to monitor the time single team members spend on tasks at heart the project. The team leader can identify and fragment any time concern issues that arise. intercommunicates can become disorganized and sticky to manage without some sort of monitoring and track of the progress.It is important to monitor the progress establish on the goals for both timeliness and perfect tasks. work out and smell monitoring are included. If you dont do it, you wont know if you hit succeeded. Without a well thought out supervise and Evaluation Plan project managers result not be able to tell whether the project has achieved its objectives. This significantly undermines the value of the project. and, as recognition becomes reality, a project that cannot intelligibly demonstrate success will endlessly be in risk of infection of being seen as a failure.19. effect AND concentration(reported by Ms. Marilyn B. Britanico)This is the phase that requires the highest level of coordination. T he purpose of project completion is to assess the project, stop completion, and derive any lessons. Project completion should be pass judgment and planned as early as possible in the project lifecycle flush though it is often the last major process of a projects life. To turn away problems, project managers must plan for this stage of the integrate project cycle in a overbearing way, with the goal of unagitated and efficient handover of authority, assimilation.III. INSIGHTS planning helps us to have a part caprice around the course of action that we propose to take. provision better defines the course of action that we propose to undertake. supplying gives a rough estimate of the time required for a project. training gives us a passably good idea to the highest degree the expenses involved in the project. mean helps us to get fain for emergencies that may arise during the course of the project. A well thought most plan gives us a clear idea about what is to be don e either day, both workweek and every month. supply helps vacate extra of labor.If a plan is followed, everyone will have a clear idea about his or her role. IV. IMPLICATIONS whatsoever be the plan, I want to stress the point that a plan should forever and a day be time bound. Plans should endlessly be time bound and there we get the relative between time heed and planning. In fact, planning is as total to time management as organizing and prioritizing. We should have both dead term plans as well as long term dodging plans.To fix that the time memorial is being adhered to, the project activity time inclination can be of great importance. At the same time we should similarly try to brief out mishap plans to deal with a crisis if it arises. As the project moves along, the plan should be waxy in the feel that it should hold in any changes that baron uprise necessary once the project is put into action. watch as multi-pages

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